{"id":30029,"date":"2026-05-07T14:40:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T06:40:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/?p=30029"},"modified":"2026-05-07T14:53:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T06:53:19","slug":"hidden-costs-pipe-failure-high-pressure-steel-pipes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/blogs\/hidden-costs-pipe-failure-high-pressure-steel-pipes.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

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1<\/span>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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7<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n

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1. \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

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2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 12.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n

3. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0640 <\/strong>P<\/strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 API 5L<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 3183 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong>, \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 API 5L 5L \u0648ISO 3183<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

API 5L \u0648ISO 3183 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ISO 3183:2019 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a API 5L\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 LSAW \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 SSAW\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 LSAW \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 SSAW \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648 3183 ISO 3183 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PSL 2 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 API 5L \u0648ISO 3183\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628 3LPE<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a), \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 FBE<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPP (\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 FBE \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0640 3LPE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPP \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L\/ISO 3183) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 (API 5L\/ISO 3183)<\/td>\n\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n30-50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b<\/td>\n\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 (\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPE\/FBE<\/td>\n\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 LSAW<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPE \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Allland Pipes\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 API 5L\/ISO 3183 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 JCOE\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPP \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 (\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/strong>) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 40 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 40<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 80 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 160. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n

\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 (MTC)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 (MTC) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 API 5L\/<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO 3183\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 MTC \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 MTCs \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Allland Pipes\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPE \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

\u062c: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 3LPE \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646) \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

\u062c: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong>\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n\n

\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 SSAW\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 LSAW \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 SSAW\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 LSAW \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0640 SSAW\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

\u062c: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n

\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

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\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 LSAW<\/a>, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 SSAW\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 3LPE\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 FBE\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"Hidden Costs of Pipe Failure & High-Pressure Steel Pipes","_seopress_titles_desc":"Hidden costs of pipe failure and why certified high-pressure steel pipes (API 5L\/ISO 3183) improve safety, efficiency and long-term savings in pipeline systems","_seopress_robots_index":"","_gspb_post_css":".gs-autolist{margin:15px 0 30px;border:1px solid #dddddd7d}.gs-autolist-item{padding:15px 15px 15px 5px;display:flex;align-items:center}.gs-autolist-title,.gs-autolist-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:24px;text-decoration:none}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-a74ccd2 .gs-autolist-item{background-color:#fff}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-a74ccd2 .gs-autolist-item:nth-child(2n){background-color:#eee}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-a74ccd2 .gs-autolist-title a{color:#000}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-a74ccd2 .gs-autolist-number{border-radius:50%;margin:0 20px 0 15px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;background-color:#046cb5;color:#fff;height:25px;line-height:25px;width:25px;font-size:16px;min-width:25px}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-a74ccd2 .gs_sub_heading .gs-autolist-number{font-size:70%}#gspb_image-id-gsbp-aa091aa img{vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;height:auto}#gspb_image-id-gsbp-aa091aa{margin-bottom:20px}","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-blogs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30029"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30038,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30029\/revisions\/30038"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30029"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}