{"id":30243,"date":"2026-05-09T10:30:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T02:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/?p=30243"},"modified":"2026-05-09T10:44:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T02:44:08","slug":"astm-standards-steel-pipes-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/blogs\/astm-standards-steel-pipes-guide.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Allland Pipes\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 API\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0648API 5L \u0648EN \u0622\u064a\u0632\u0648 3183<\/a> \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/p>\n\n

\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n

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1<\/span>1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
2<\/span>2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
3<\/span>3. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a LSAW \u0648SSAW \u0648DSAW<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
4<\/span>4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f ASTM<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
5<\/span>5. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a ASTM<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
6<\/span>6. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
7<\/span>7. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\"ASTM<\/div>\n\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

2.1 ASTM A53 \u0648 A106: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

ASTM A53<\/a> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 ASTM A106 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. ASTM A53 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 B<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A106 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a ASTM A53 \u0648A106 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n

2.2 ASTM <\/strong>A500<\/strong>&A53: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A53 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 ASTM A500<\/a>, \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A500 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (A \u0648B \u0648C \u0648D)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d HSS \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 ASTM <\/strong>A500<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 HSS \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A53 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A500.<\/p>\n\n

2.3 ASTM A252: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

ASTM A252<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A252 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM A252 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 3 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c, \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 LSAW<\/a> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM A252 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n

3. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a LSAW \u0648SSAW \u0648DSAW<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0647\u064a LSAW (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0648SSAW (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0648DSAW (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c). \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 Allland\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 LSAW<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Allland \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 ASTM A671<\/a>, \u060c A672 \u0648 A252.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 SSAW \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM A 139 \u0648 A252. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 DSAW \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 DSAW \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/td>\nLSAW (SAWL)<\/td>\nSSAW (SSAW)<\/td>\n\u0633\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM<\/td>\nA671\u060c A672\u060c A252<\/td>\nA139\u060c A252<\/td>\nA53\u060c A106\u060c A333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/td>\n3LPE\u060c FBE\u060c, 3 \u0644.\u0628.\u0628<\/a><\/td>\n3PE\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 FBE \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM <\/strong>R<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u2014 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n

4.1 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644. <\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c <\/strong>P<\/strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 LSAW \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/strong>s<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0645\u062b\u0644 671 \u0648672. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM A53 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 B \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L X52 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

4.2 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM A53\/A106\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (ASTM). \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM.<\/p>\n\n

4.3 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM A53 \u0623\u0648 A106\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 40 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a 40 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n

4.4 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 <\/strong>P<\/strong>\u0625\u064a\u0628<\/strong>s<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/a>, \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

5. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a ASTM<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 Allland\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a ASTM\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 3LPE \u06483LPP \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 3LPE (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a) \u06483LPP (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3LPE \u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a 3LPP<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPE \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPP \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPP \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (FBE) \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 3LPE (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 3PE) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0637\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 3LPE \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n

6. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 40\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00abSchedule 40\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00abSchedule 40\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 1 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 40 33.4 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 3.38 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 6 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 168.3 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 7.11 \u0645\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0645\u062b\u0644 53 \u0648 A106 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 Allland\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 (7.85 \u063a\/\u0633\u0645\u00b3 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM.<\/p>\n\n

7. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Allland Pipes \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0648API 5L \u0648EN ISO 3183 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633\u00bb \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 LSAW\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Introduction In the global piping industry, consistency, safety, and quality are non-negotiable\u2014especially for critical applications like oil and gas transmission, construction, and…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"ASTM Standards for Steel Pipes: Guide & Applications","_seopress_titles_desc":"Explore ASTM standards for steel pipes, including A53, A106, A500, specifications, manufacturing processes, and key industrial applications.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_gspb_post_css":".gs-autolist{margin:15px 0 30px;border:1px solid #dddddd7d}.gs-autolist-item{padding:15px 15px 15px 5px;display:flex;align-items:center}.gs-autolist-title,.gs-autolist-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:24px;text-decoration:none}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-ffacf1f .gs-autolist-item{background-color:#fff}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-ffacf1f .gs-autolist-item:nth-child(2n){background-color:#eee}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-ffacf1f .gs-autolist-title a{color:#000}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-ffacf1f .gs-autolist-number{border-radius:50%;margin:0 20px 0 15px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;background-color:#046cb5;color:#fff;height:25px;line-height:25px;width:25px;font-size:16px;min-width:25px}#gspb_toc-id-gsbp-ffacf1f .gs_sub_heading .gs-autolist-number{font-size:70%}#gspb_image-id-gsbp-f58cac8 img{vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;height:auto}#gspb_image-id-gsbp-f58cac8{margin-bottom:20px}","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-blogs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30243"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30249,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30243\/revisions\/30249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30243"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}