{"id":31719,"date":"2026-07-01T14:56:05","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T06:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/?p=31719"},"modified":"2026-07-01T15:15:24","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T07:15:24","slug":"sour-service-pipeline-material-selection-h2s-corrosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/ar\/blogs\/sour-service-pipeline-material-selection-h2s-corrosion.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"what-is-a-sour-service-pipeline-and-how-to-select-its-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H\u2082S)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u00bb (HIC) \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f\u00bb (SSCC). \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u2264 0.002% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u2264 0.010%)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a PSL2 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a HIC\/SSCC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 (H\u2082S) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HIC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a (SSCC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <strong><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/standards\/api-5l.html\"   title=\"API 5L\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1286\">API 5L<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0637 PSL2<\/strong>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L PSL2. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 X60 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 PSL2 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PSL1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PSL2 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064a \u2014 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 46) \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-toc gs-toc gspb_toc-id-gsbp-cc3a440\" id=\"gspb_toc-id-gsbp-cc3a440\" itemscope itemtype=\"\"><div class=\"gs-autolist\"><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">1<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"What is a Sour Service Pipeline and How to Select Its Material?\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#what-is-a-sour-service-pipeline-and-how-to-select-its-material\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061f<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">2<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Technical Comparison: Standard vs. Sour Service Line Pipes\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#technical-comparison-standard-vs-sour-service-line-pipes\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">3<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Metallurgical Controls: Preventing HIC and SSCC From Within\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#metallurgical-controls-preventing-hic-and-sscc-from-within\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (HIC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (SSCC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">4<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Wall Thickness and Structural Weight Calculations for High-Pressure Lines\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#wall-thickness-and-structural-weight-calculations-for-high-pressure-lines\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">5<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"LSAW Manufacturing for Critical Gas Transport Infrastructure\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#lsaw-manufacturing-for-critical-gas-transport-infrastructure\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">6<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"External Barrier Coating Systems for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#external-barrier-coating-systems-for-offshore-and-onshore-pipelines\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">7<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Comprehensive Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) &amp; Laboratory Validation\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#comprehensive-non-destructive-testing-ndt-laboratory-validation\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 (NDT) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">8<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Frequently Asked Questions\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gs-autolist-item\" itemscope><span class=\"gs-autolist-number\">9<\/span><span class=\"gs-autolist-title\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Conclusion\"\/><a class=\"gs-scrollto\" href=\"#conclusion\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-image gspb_image gspb_image-id-gsbp-7e4e463\" id=\"gspb_image-id-gsbp-7e4e463\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sour-service-pipeline-api-5l-psl2-h2s-corrosion.webp\" data-src=\"\" alt=\"\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L PSL2 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a (H\u2082S)\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"technical-comparison-standard-vs-sour-service-line-pipes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (API 5L PSL1)<\/td><td>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 (API 5L PSL2 + NACE)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (S)<\/td><td>\u2264 0.0.030%<\/td><td>\u2264 0.002% (S \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 (P)<\/td><td>\u2264 0.0.030%<\/td><td>\u2264 0.010%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HIC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f (SSCC)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 HIC (NACE TM0284) + \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 SSCC (NACE TM0177)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PSL2 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a PSL1 \u0648PSL2 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PSL2 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (HIC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"metallurgical-controls-preventing-hic-and-sscc-from-within\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (HIC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (SSCC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"structural-vulnerabilities-in-standard-steels\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632 (MnS) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a (H<sup>+<\/sup>) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u0632 H\u2082S \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"refined-steelmaking-and-inclusion-shape-control\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 MnS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 H\u2082S \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (X60 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642)\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 PSL 2. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (\u2264 0.002%)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 API 5L<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"wall-thickness-and-structural-weight-calculations-for-high-pressure-lines\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"stress-limitation-to-suppress-sscc\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (SSCC)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a SSCC \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 NACE \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 SSCC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"engineering-calculation-using-carbon-steel-density\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7,850 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b3). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0645) = \u03c0 \u00d7 (D \u2212 t) \u00d7 t \u00d7 \u03c1_steel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u064a\u0646 <em>D<\/em>&nbsp;\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c, <em>t<\/em>&nbsp;\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648 <em>\u03c1_\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/em>&nbsp;\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 24 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (610 \u0645\u0645) \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 20 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 292 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 363 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0645 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 24% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632 H\u2082S\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API RP 1111 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE SP0102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"lsaw-manufacturing-for-critical-gas-transport-infrastructure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"why-are-longitudinal-welded-pipes-lsaw-preferred-for-sour-service\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 (LSAW) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/product\/allland-steel-pipe\/lsaw-steel-pipe.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 (LSAW)<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 JCOE \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 LSAW \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (SSCC). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"factory-level-process-quality\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 <strong><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/product\/allland-steel-pipe\/high-pressure-pipe.html\"   title=\"\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1284\">\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u00bb \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 LSAW \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 JCOE\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (HIC) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a (SSCC). \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 220,000 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c JCOE \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200,000 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u06484 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"external-barrier-coating-systems-for-offshore-and-onshore-pipelines\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"mitigating-external-soil-subsea-corrosion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 H\u2082S \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u0632 H\u2082S\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (SSCC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-3-layer-polyethylene-3lpe-protection-layer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 3<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (3LPE)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/product\/allland-steel-pipe\/3lpe-steel-pipe.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628 3LPE<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/alllandpipes.com\/standards\/iso-21809.html\"   title=\"\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648 21809\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1285\">\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648 21809<\/a>-2 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE RP0394\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"comprehensive-non-destructive-testing-ndt-laboratory-validation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (NDT) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"laboratory-crack-testing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 HIC \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE TM0284 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 96 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 A \u0623\u0648 B\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 (CLR)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 (CTR)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 (CSR). \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 CLR \u2264 15%\u060c \u0648CTR \u2264 5%\u060c \u0648CSR \u2264 2%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 SSCC \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE TM0177 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a H\u2082S\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 API 5L PSL2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"on-line-ndt-qa-flow\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0641 (NDT)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (UT)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 (AUT)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 (MPI)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X<\/strong><strong>-<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 100% \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a (H\u2082S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L PSL1 \u0648PSL2 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 PSL2 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u2264 0.002% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 0.030% \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 PSL1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u2264 0.010% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 0.030%)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HIC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (SSCC). \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PSL1 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API 5L \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c: \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632 (MnS) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HIC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c: \u0644\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HIC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 (SSCC). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a H\u2082S\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 HIC \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE TM0284 (\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 CLR \u0648CTR \u0648CSR)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 SSCC \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NACE TM0177\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a API 5L PSL2 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 100% NDT. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 NACE \u0648API \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c: \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f NACE \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651\u064a (SSCC). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 API RP 1111.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 H\u2082S \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2014 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a Sour Service Pipeline and How to Select Its Material? 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